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20:24:49",[44],{"currentItem":105,"processedData":125},{"img":106,"keywords":107,"treeType":44,"description":108,"showStatus":44,"updateTime":109,"type":110,"title":111,"content":112,"nextArticle":113,"createTime":109,"sortOrder":117,"canonicalPath":118,"id":119,"contentType":120,"prevArticle":121},"https:\u002F\u002Foss.infinitensor.com\u002Fprod\u002Fimages\u002FKnowledge_Base\u002FKB_03_fm.jpg?Expires=1792752826&OSSAccessKeyId=LTAI5t9R6uzvTa69CT92cFvV&Signature=lWnkGUtHzJp5AU8eYFOzxalxuZc%3D","InfiniTensor,冬季训练营,C++实践,实操训练,算法基础","C++ 实践3课程聚焦实操训练，强化语法应用、程序组织与基础算法实现能力。","2026-10-22 20:38:11",2,"InfiniTensor冬季训练营实践编程基础课第三课《C++实践3》","![](https:\u002F\u002Foss.infinitensor.com\u002Fprod\u002Fimages\u002FKnowledge_Base\u002FKB_03_zw1.jpg?Expires=1792752826&OSSAccessKeyId=LTAI5t9R6uzvTa69CT92cFvV&Signature=A80KfTnHeWgchRKifQt8H%2Bv5Yig%3D)\r\n\r\n\r\n1月6日，2025冬季 InfiniTensor 大模型与人工智能系统训练营编程基础课第三课开讲，课程主题为《`C++`实践3》。\r\n\r\n本节课引入动态容量（capacity）概念，支持变长数组、实现动态内存分配（new\u002Fdelete）、封装为Vector类、引入RAII（资源获取即初始化）、介绍运算符重载与模板类（Template）。\r\n\r\n### 动态容量与变长数组\r\n**1. 问题引入**\r\n- 固定大小的数组局限性（如`size=3`无法存储更多元素）\r\n- 变长数组（VLA）在`C++`中的不支持性\r\n\r\n**2. 解决方案：动态内存分配**\r\n- 使用`new`\u002F`new[]`动态分配堆内存：\r\n```cpp\r\ndata = new double[capacity]; \u002F\u002F 动态分配capacity大小的数组\r\n```\r\n- 初始化时设置初始容量（如`capacity=16`），`size=0`\r\n\r\n**3. 关键操作：push_back**\r\n- 功能：向数组末尾添加元素\r\n```cpp\r\nvoid push_back(double elem) {\r\n    if (size \u003C capacity) {\r\n        data[size] = elem;\r\n        size++;\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n```\r\n### 内存管理与RAII\r\n\r\n**1. 内存分区概念**\r\n- 栈(Stack)：局部变量存储，自动管理，大小有限\r\n- 堆(Heap)：动态内存分配，手动管理，空间较大\r\n\r\n**2. 动态内存的释放**\r\n- 问题：未释放`new[]`分配的内存导致泄漏\r\n- 解决方案：在析构函数中`delete[] data`\r\n\r\n**3. RAII设计模式**\r\n- 构造函数（Constructor）：初始化资源（分配内存）\r\n- 析构函数（Destructor）：释放资源（释放内存）\r\n```cpp\r\nclass Vector {\r\nprivate:\r\n    double* data;\r\n    size_t size;\r\n    size_t capacity;\r\npublic:\r\n    Vector() : capacity(16), size(0) {\r\n        data = new double[capacity];\r\n    }\r\n    ~Vector() { delete[] data; }\r\n};\r\n```\r\n**3. 访问控制：public与private**\r\n- private：内部实现细节，外部不可访问\r\n- public：对外接口，外部可访问\r\n\r\n### 运算符重载与封装\r\n**1. 下标运算符重载**\r\n- `operator[]`实现数组式访问：\r\n```cpp\r\ndouble operator[](size_t index) const {\r\n    return data[index];\r\n}\r\n```\r\n**2. 常量成员函数**\r\n- 标记不修改对象状态的函数为`const`（如`operator[]`）：\r\n```cpp\r\ndouble operator[](size_t index) const; \u002F\u002F 声明为const函数\r\n```\r\n**3. 方法封装**\r\n- 提供`size()`和`capacity()`方法替代直接访问成员变量：\r\n```cpp\r\nsize_t size() const { return size; }\r\nsize_t get_capacity() const { return capacity; }\r\n```\r\n### 模块化与头文件分离\r\n**1. 头文件（`.h`）与源文件（`.cpp`）**\r\n- 头文件声明类与接口：\r\n```cpp\r\n\u002F\u002F Vector.h\r\nclass Vector {\r\npublic:\r\n    Vector();\r\n    ~Vector();\r\n    void push_back(double elem);\r\n    double operator[](size_t index) const;\r\n    size_t size() const;\r\nprivate:\r\n    double* data;\r\n    size_t size;\r\n    size_t capacity;\r\n};\r\n```\r\n- 源文件实现细节：\r\n```cpp\r\n\u002F\u002F Vector.cpp\r\n#include \"Vector.h\"\r\nVector::Vector() { \u002F* ... *\u002F }\r\nVector::~Vector() { \u002F* ... *\u002F }\r\n```\r\n**2. 编译与链接**\r\n- 编译多文件项目：\r\n```bash\r\ng++ main.cpp Vector.cpp -o main\r\n```\r\n### 模板类（Template）\r\n**1. 泛型编程需求**\r\n- 问题：当前Vector仅支持double类型\r\n- 目标：支持任意类型（如int、string）\r\n\r\n**2. 模板类实现**\r\n- 定义模板参数T：\r\n```cpp\r\ntemplate \u003Ctypename T>\r\nclass Vector {\r\nprivate:\r\n    T* data;\r\n    size_t size;\r\n    size_t capacity;\r\npublic:\r\n    Vector() : capacity(16), size(0) {\r\n        data = new T[capacity];\r\n    }\r\n    void push_back(T elem) { \u002F* ... *\u002F }\r\n    T operator[](size_t index) const { \u002F* ... *\u002F }\r\n};\r\n```\r\n**3. 使用模板类**\r\n实例化模板类：\r\n```cpp\r\nVector\u003Cint> int_vec;    \u002F\u002F 存储int类型\r\nVector\u003Cstring> str_vec; \u002F\u002F 存储string类型\r\n```\r\n\r\n\r\n### 总结与展望\r\n本节主要讲解了动态内存分配与RAII设计模式，运算符重载与访问控制，模块化编程与模板类。后续课程将继续深入讲解C++高级特性，并引入更多实际案例。\r\n\r\n\r\n![](https:\u002F\u002Foss.infinitensor.com\u002Fprod\u002Fimages\u002FKnowledge_Base\u002FKB_01_zw6.jpg?Expires=1792752826&OSSAccessKeyId=LTAI5t9R6uzvTa69CT92cFvV&Signature=epXM94790JRyVZK5KPiIf95EZZQ%3D)\r\n\r\n\r\n### 📚 训练营报名持续进行中\r\n扫码报名与加入群聊，或点击 **「阅读原文」** 直达官网报名\r\n![](https:\u002F\u002Foss.infinitensor.com\u002Fprod\u002Fimages\u002FKnowledge_Base\u002FKB_01_zw7.jpg?Expires=1792752826&OSSAccessKeyId=LTAI5t9R6uzvTa69CT92cFvV&Signature=T6W1BlHdoBa2bd0P%2B0OABUI5sTc%3D)",{"publishTime":7,"createTime":109,"canonicalPath":114,"id":115,"title":116},"\u002Fstudy-material\u002Fstudy-2","study-2","InfiniTensor冬季训练营实践编程基础课第二课《C++实践2》",106,"\u002Fstudy-material\u002Fstudy-3","study-3","markdown",{"publishTime":7,"createTime":109,"canonicalPath":122,"id":123,"title":124},"\u002Fstudy-material\u002Fstudy-4","study-4","InfiniTensor冬季训练营编程基础课第四课《C++实践4》",{"htmlContent":126,"headings":127},"\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Foss.infinitensor.com\u002Fprod\u002Fimages\u002FKnowledge_Base\u002FKB_03_zw1.jpg?Expires=1792752826&OSSAccessKeyId=LTAI5t9R6uzvTa69CT92cFvV&Signature=A80KfTnHeWgchRKifQt8H%2Bv5Yig%3D\" alt=\"\">\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>1月6日，2025冬季 InfiniTensor 大模型与人工智能系统训练营编程基础课第三课开讲，课程主题为《\u003Ccode>C++\u003C\u002Fcode>实践3》。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>本节课引入动态容量（capacity）概念，支持变长数组、实现动态内存分配（new\u002Fdelete）、封装为Vector类、引入RAII（资源获取即初始化）、介绍运算符重载与模板类（Template）。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch3 id=\"动态容量与变长数组\">\u003Ca class=\"anchor\" href=\"#动态容量与变长数组\" aria-label=\"跳转到标题：动态容量与变长数组\">\u003Cspan class=\"octicon octicon-link\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>动态容量与变长数组\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>1. 问题引入\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>固定大小的数组局限性（如\u003Ccode>size=3\u003C\u002Fcode>无法存储更多元素）\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>变长数组（VLA）在\u003Ccode>C++\u003C\u002Fcode>中的不支持性\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>2. 解决方案：动态内存分配\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>使用\u003Ccode>new\u003C\u002Fcode>\u002F\u003Ccode>new[]\u003C\u002Fcode>动态分配堆内存：\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"language-cpp\">data = new double[capacity]; \u002F\u002F 动态分配capacity大小的数组\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>初始化时设置初始容量（如\u003Ccode>capacity=16\u003C\u002Fcode>），\u003Ccode>size=0\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>3. 关键操作：push_back\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>功能：向数组末尾添加元素\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"language-cpp\">void push_back(double elem) {\n    if (size < capacity) {\n        data[size] = elem;\n        size++;\n    }\n}\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n\u003Ch3 id=\"内存管理与raii\">\u003Ca class=\"anchor\" href=\"#内存管理与raii\" aria-label=\"跳转到标题：内存管理与RAII\">\u003Cspan class=\"octicon octicon-link\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>内存管理与RAII\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>1. 内存分区概念\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>栈(Stack)：局部变量存储，自动管理，大小有限\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>堆(Heap)：动态内存分配，手动管理，空间较大\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>2. 动态内存的释放\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>问题：未释放\u003Ccode>new[]\u003C\u002Fcode>分配的内存导致泄漏\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>解决方案：在析构函数中\u003Ccode>delete[] data\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>3. RAII设计模式\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>构造函数（Constructor）：初始化资源（分配内存）\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>析构函数（Destructor）：释放资源（释放内存）\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"language-cpp\">class Vector {\nprivate:\n    double* data;\n    size_t size;\n    size_t capacity;\npublic:\n    Vector() : capacity(16), size(0) {\n        data = new double[capacity];\n    }\n    ~Vector() { delete[] data; }\n};\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>3. 访问控制：public与private\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>private：内部实现细节，外部不可访问\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>public：对外接口，外部可访问\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Ch3 id=\"运算符重载与封装\">\u003Ca class=\"anchor\" href=\"#运算符重载与封装\" aria-label=\"跳转到标题：运算符重载与封装\">\u003Cspan class=\"octicon octicon-link\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>运算符重载与封装\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>1. 下标运算符重载\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>operator[]\u003C\u002Fcode>实现数组式访问：\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"language-cpp\">double operator[](size_t index) const {\n    return data[index];\n}\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>2. 常量成员函数\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>标记不修改对象状态的函数为\u003Ccode>const\u003C\u002Fcode>（如\u003Ccode>operator[]\u003C\u002Fcode>）：\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"language-cpp\">double operator[](size_t index) const; \u002F\u002F 声明为const函数\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>3. 方法封装\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>提供\u003Ccode>size()\u003C\u002Fcode>和\u003Ccode>capacity()\u003C\u002Fcode>方法替代直接访问成员变量：\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"language-cpp\">size_t size() const { return size; }\nsize_t get_capacity() const { return capacity; }\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n\u003Ch3 id=\"模块化与头文件分离\">\u003Ca class=\"anchor\" href=\"#模块化与头文件分离\" aria-label=\"跳转到标题：模块化与头文件分离\">\u003Cspan class=\"octicon octicon-link\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>模块化与头文件分离\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>1. 头文件（\u003Ccode>.h\u003C\u002Fcode>）与源文件（\u003Ccode>.cpp\u003C\u002Fcode>）\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>头文件声明类与接口：\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"language-cpp\">\u002F\u002F Vector.h\nclass Vector {\npublic:\n    Vector();\n    ~Vector();\n    void push_back(double elem);\n    double operator[](size_t index) const;\n    size_t size() const;\nprivate:\n    double* data;\n    size_t size;\n    size_t capacity;\n};\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>源文件实现细节：\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"language-cpp\">\u002F\u002F Vector.cpp\n#include "Vector.h"\nVector::Vector() { \u002F* ... *\u002F }\nVector::~Vector() { \u002F* ... *\u002F }\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>2. 编译与链接\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>编译多文件项目：\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"language-bash\">g++ main.cpp Vector.cpp -o main\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n\u003Ch3 id=\"模板类-template\">\u003Ca class=\"anchor\" href=\"#模板类-template\" aria-label=\"跳转到标题：模板类（Template）\">\u003Cspan class=\"octicon octicon-link\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>模板类（Template）\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>1. 泛型编程需求\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>问题：当前Vector仅支持double类型\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>目标：支持任意类型（如int、string）\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>2. 模板类实现\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>定义模板参数T：\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"language-cpp\">template <typename T>\nclass Vector {\nprivate:\n    T* data;\n    size_t size;\n    size_t capacity;\npublic:\n    Vector() : capacity(16), size(0) {\n        data = new T[capacity];\n    }\n    void push_back(T elem) { \u002F* ... *\u002F }\n    T operator[](size_t index) const { \u002F* ... *\u002F }\n};\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>3. 使用模板类\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Cbr>实例化模板类：\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"language-cpp\">Vector<int> int_vec;    \u002F\u002F 存储int类型\nVector<string> str_vec; \u002F\u002F 存储string类型\n\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fpre>\n\u003Ch3 id=\"总结与展望\">\u003Ca class=\"anchor\" href=\"#总结与展望\" aria-label=\"跳转到标题：总结与展望\">\u003Cspan class=\"octicon octicon-link\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>总结与展望\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>本节主要讲解了动态内存分配与RAII设计模式，运算符重载与访问控制，模块化编程与模板类。后续课程将继续深入讲解C++高级特性，并引入更多实际案例。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Foss.infinitensor.com\u002Fprod\u002Fimages\u002FKnowledge_Base\u002FKB_01_zw6.jpg?Expires=1792752826&OSSAccessKeyId=LTAI5t9R6uzvTa69CT92cFvV&Signature=epXM94790JRyVZK5KPiIf95EZZQ%3D\" alt=\"\">\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch3 id=\"训练营报名持续进行中\">\u003Ca class=\"anchor\" href=\"#训练营报名持续进行中\" aria-label=\"跳转到标题：📚 训练营报名持续进行中\">\u003Cspan class=\"octicon octicon-link\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>📚 训练营报名持续进行中\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>扫码报名与加入群聊，或点击 \u003Cstrong>「阅读原文」\u003C\u002Fstrong> 直达官网报名\u003Cbr>\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Foss.infinitensor.com\u002Fprod\u002Fimages\u002FKnowledge_Base\u002FKB_01_zw7.jpg?Expires=1792752826&OSSAccessKeyId=LTAI5t9R6uzvTa69CT92cFvV&Signature=T6W1BlHdoBa2bd0P%2B0OABUI5sTc%3D\" alt=\"\">\u003C\u002Fp>\n",[128,130,133,135,137,140,142],{"id":129,"text":129,"level":9},"动态容量与变长数组",{"id":131,"text":132,"level":9},"内存管理与raii","内存管理与RAII",{"id":134,"text":134,"level":9},"运算符重载与封装",{"id":136,"text":136,"level":9},"模块化与头文件分离",{"id":138,"text":139,"level":9},"模板类-template","模板类（Template）",{"id":141,"text":141,"level":9},"总结与展望",{"id":143,"text":144,"level":9},"训练营报名持续进行中","📚 训练营报名持续进行中"]