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20:38:11",2,"InfiniTensor冬季训练营编程基础课第四课《C++实践4》","![](https:\u002F\u002Foss.infinitensor.com\u002Fprod\u002Fimages\u002FKnowledge_Base\u002FKB_04_zw1.jpg?Expires=1792752838&OSSAccessKeyId=LTAI5t9R6uzvTa69CT92cFvV&Signature=CUV1cKryTLeb2Jtb9pqK42mBPV4%3D)\r\n\r\n\r\n1月7日，2025冬季InfiniTensor大模型与人工智能系统训练营编程基础课第四课开讲，课程主题为《C++实践4》。\r\n\r\n本节课介绍了`vector`类的功能，包括动态扩容机制、拷贝控制、移动语义等概念。通过实践深入理解了C++的内存管理、资源所有权和多态设计。同时介绍了STL容器、智能指针等在实际项目中的应用。\r\n\r\n### 动态内存管理进阶\r\n**1. 扩容机制实现**\r\n- `reallocate`函数设计：容量倍增策略（2倍扩容）\r\n- 内存拷贝与指针替换\r\n- 析构函数中的内存释放：`delete[] data`的重要性\r\n- 内存泄漏检测：`valgrind`工具使用与`new\u002Fdelete`配对原则\r\n\r\n**2. 扩容触发逻辑**\r\n- `push_back`中的容量检查：`size == capacity`判断\r\n- 用`reallocate`进行扩容\r\n\r\n### 拷贝构造与赋值操作\r\n**1. Big Three规则**\r\n- 析构函数：资源释放的最后防线\r\n- 拷贝构造函数：用于初始化一个新对象，使其成为另一个对象的副本。`vector(const vector& other)`\r\n- 赋值运算符：给已存在的对象赋新值`vector& operator=(const vector& other)`\r\n\r\n**2. 成员初始化列表**\r\n- 常量成员与引用成员的初始化规范\r\n- 性能优化：避免临时对象构造\r\n\r\n**3. 自赋值检查**\r\n- `if (this == &other)`安全性判断\r\n\r\n### 移动语义\r\n- 将资源从一个对象转移到另一个对象，而不是拷贝。\r\n\r\n**1. 移动构造函数**\r\n- 右值引用：`Type&&`\r\n- 开销低，不涉及数据拷贝\r\n- 指针窃取策略：将原对象置为空指针\r\n\r\n**2. 移动赋值运算符**\r\n- 自赋值检查与返回值优化\r\n- `std::move`:负责将左值转为右值引用\r\n\r\n![](https:\u002F\u002Foss.infinitensor.com\u002Fprod\u002Fimages\u002FKnowledge_Base\u002FKB_04_zw2.jpg?Expires=1792752838&OSSAccessKeyId=LTAI5t9R6uzvTa69CT92cFvV&Signature=DXy2eqFMbtVsPZgGshwH5aT81FM%3D)\r\n\r\n\r\n**3. Big Five扩展**\r\n- Big Three: 析构函数、拷贝构造、拷贝赋值\r\n- Big Five: Big Three + 移动构造、移动赋值\r\n- Big Zero: 不涉及资源管理的类\r\n\r\n### STL容器\r\n**1. `std::vector`**\r\n- 动态数组，连续内存存储\r\n- 随机访问速度快\r\n- 自动扩容机制\r\n- 中间插入\u002F删除效率较低\r\n\r\n**2. 其他常用容器**\r\n- `std::list`：双向链表，非连续内存，快速插入\r\n- `std::array`：连续内存分配，大小固定\r\n- `std::map\u002Fstd::unordered_map`：键值对存储\r\n\r\n### 继承与多态\r\n**1. 继承**\r\n- 一个类（子类）继承另一个类（父类）的属性和方法。\r\n- 使用冒号表示继承，如`class Number : public Object`\r\n\r\n![](https:\u002F\u002Foss.infinitensor.com\u002Fprod\u002Fimages\u002FKnowledge_Base\u002FKB_04_zw1.jpg?Expires=1792752838&OSSAccessKeyId=LTAI5t9R6uzvTa69CT92cFvV&Signature=CUV1cKryTLeb2Jtb9pqK42mBPV4%3D)\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n**2. 多态实现**\r\n- **Virtual方法**：允许子类重写父类的方法。\r\n- **Pure Virtual方法**：父类中未实现的方法，子类必须实现。`virtual ... = 0`\r\n- **Abstract Class**：包含至少一个Pure Virtual方法的类。\r\n\r\n**3. 类型转换**\r\n- `dynamic_cast`：运行时类型检查\r\n- `static_cast`: 编译时类型转换\r\n- `reinterpret_cast`：强制类型转换，不推荐常用\r\n\r\n### 智能指针进阶\r\n**`std::shared_ptr`**\r\n- 自动管理内存，通过引用计数避免内存泄漏。\r\n- 适用于多个对象共享同一资源的情况。\r\n\r\n\r\n### 总结与展望\r\n本节课通过实践深入讲解了C++的内存管理、资源所有权和多态设计。同时介绍了STL容器、智能指针等现代C++特性的实际应用。后续将带来更多其他课程！\r\n\r\n![](https:\u002F\u002Foss.infinitensor.com\u002Fprod\u002Fimages\u002FKnowledge_Base\u002FKB_01_zw6.jpg?Expires=1792752838&OSSAccessKeyId=LTAI5t9R6uzvTa69CT92cFvV&Signature=ZwRth4vKI1lmA8Y4THFk9als6XI%3D)\r\n\r\n\r\n### 📚 训练营报名持续进行中\r\n扫码报名与加入群聊，或点击 **「阅读原文」** 直达官网报名\r\n\r\n![](https:\u002F\u002Foss.infinitensor.com\u002Fprod\u002Fimages\u002FKnowledge_Base\u002FKB_01_zw7.jpg?Expires=1792752838&OSSAccessKeyId=LTAI5t9R6uzvTa69CT92cFvV&Signature=uxAgm6FPaH%2Bpzv9S8ucllx2qHnM%3D)",{"publishTime":7,"createTime":109,"canonicalPath":114,"id":115,"title":116},"\u002Fstudy-material\u002Fstudy-3","study-3","InfiniTensor冬季训练营实践编程基础课第三课《C++实践3》",105,"\u002Fstudy-material\u002Fstudy-4","study-4","markdown",{"publishTime":7,"createTime":109,"canonicalPath":122,"id":123,"title":124},"\u002Fstudy-material\u002Fstudy-5","study-5","InfiniTensor冬季训练营编程基础课第五课《Python入门》",{"htmlContent":126,"headings":127},"\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Foss.infinitensor.com\u002Fprod\u002Fimages\u002FKnowledge_Base\u002FKB_04_zw1.jpg?Expires=1792752838&OSSAccessKeyId=LTAI5t9R6uzvTa69CT92cFvV&Signature=CUV1cKryTLeb2Jtb9pqK42mBPV4%3D\" alt=\"\">\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>1月7日，2025冬季InfiniTensor大模型与人工智能系统训练营编程基础课第四课开讲，课程主题为《C++实践4》。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>本节课介绍了\u003Ccode>vector\u003C\u002Fcode>类的功能，包括动态扩容机制、拷贝控制、移动语义等概念。通过实践深入理解了C++的内存管理、资源所有权和多态设计。同时介绍了STL容器、智能指针等在实际项目中的应用。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch3 id=\"动态内存管理进阶\">\u003Ca class=\"anchor\" href=\"#动态内存管理进阶\" aria-label=\"跳转到标题：动态内存管理进阶\">\u003Cspan class=\"octicon octicon-link\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>动态内存管理进阶\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>1. 扩容机制实现\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>reallocate\u003C\u002Fcode>函数设计：容量倍增策略（2倍扩容）\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>内存拷贝与指针替换\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>析构函数中的内存释放：\u003Ccode>delete[] data\u003C\u002Fcode>的重要性\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>内存泄漏检测：\u003Ccode>valgrind\u003C\u002Fcode>工具使用与\u003Ccode>new\u002Fdelete\u003C\u002Fcode>配对原则\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>2. 扩容触发逻辑\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>push_back\u003C\u002Fcode>中的容量检查：\u003Ccode>size == capacity\u003C\u002Fcode>判断\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>用\u003Ccode>reallocate\u003C\u002Fcode>进行扩容\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Ch3 id=\"拷贝构造与赋值操作\">\u003Ca class=\"anchor\" href=\"#拷贝构造与赋值操作\" aria-label=\"跳转到标题：拷贝构造与赋值操作\">\u003Cspan class=\"octicon octicon-link\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>拷贝构造与赋值操作\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>1. Big Three规则\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>析构函数：资源释放的最后防线\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>拷贝构造函数：用于初始化一个新对象，使其成为另一个对象的副本。\u003Ccode>vector(const vector& other)\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>赋值运算符：给已存在的对象赋新值\u003Ccode>vector& operator=(const vector& other)\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>2. 成员初始化列表\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>常量成员与引用成员的初始化规范\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>性能优化：避免临时对象构造\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>3. 自赋值检查\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>if (this == &other)\u003C\u002Fcode>安全性判断\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Ch3 id=\"移动语义\">\u003Ca class=\"anchor\" href=\"#移动语义\" aria-label=\"跳转到标题：移动语义\">\u003Cspan class=\"octicon octicon-link\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>移动语义\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>将资源从一个对象转移到另一个对象，而不是拷贝。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>1. 移动构造函数\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>右值引用：\u003Ccode>Type&&\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>开销低，不涉及数据拷贝\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>指针窃取策略：将原对象置为空指针\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>2. 移动赋值运算符\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>自赋值检查与返回值优化\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>std::move\u003C\u002Fcode>:负责将左值转为右值引用\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Foss.infinitensor.com\u002Fprod\u002Fimages\u002FKnowledge_Base\u002FKB_04_zw2.jpg?Expires=1792752838&OSSAccessKeyId=LTAI5t9R6uzvTa69CT92cFvV&Signature=DXy2eqFMbtVsPZgGshwH5aT81FM%3D\" alt=\"\">\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>3. Big Five扩展\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Big Three: 析构函数、拷贝构造、拷贝赋值\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Big Five: Big Three + 移动构造、移动赋值\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>Big Zero: 不涉及资源管理的类\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Ch3 id=\"stl容器\">\u003Ca class=\"anchor\" href=\"#stl容器\" aria-label=\"跳转到标题：STL容器\">\u003Cspan class=\"octicon octicon-link\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>STL容器\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>1. \u003Ccode>std::vector\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>动态数组，连续内存存储\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>随机访问速度快\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>自动扩容机制\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>中间插入\u002F删除效率较低\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>2. 其他常用容器\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>std::list\u003C\u002Fcode>：双向链表，非连续内存，快速插入\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>std::array\u003C\u002Fcode>：连续内存分配，大小固定\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>std::map\u002Fstd::unordered_map\u003C\u002Fcode>：键值对存储\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Ch3 id=\"继承与多态\">\u003Ca class=\"anchor\" href=\"#继承与多态\" aria-label=\"跳转到标题：继承与多态\">\u003Cspan class=\"octicon octicon-link\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>继承与多态\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>1. 继承\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>一个类（子类）继承另一个类（父类）的属性和方法。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>使用冒号表示继承，如\u003Ccode>class Number : public Object\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Foss.infinitensor.com\u002Fprod\u002Fimages\u002FKnowledge_Base\u002FKB_04_zw1.jpg?Expires=1792752838&OSSAccessKeyId=LTAI5t9R6uzvTa69CT92cFvV&Signature=CUV1cKryTLeb2Jtb9pqK42mBPV4%3D\" alt=\"\">\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>2. 多态实现\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Virtual方法\u003C\u002Fstrong>：允许子类重写父类的方法。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Pure Virtual方法\u003C\u002Fstrong>：父类中未实现的方法，子类必须实现。\u003Ccode>virtual ... = 0\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Abstract Class\u003C\u002Fstrong>：包含至少一个Pure Virtual方法的类。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>3. 类型转换\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>dynamic_cast\u003C\u002Fcode>：运行时类型检查\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>static_cast\u003C\u002Fcode>: 编译时类型转换\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ccode>reinterpret_cast\u003C\u002Fcode>：强制类型转换，不推荐常用\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Ch3 id=\"智能指针进阶\">\u003Ca class=\"anchor\" href=\"#智能指针进阶\" aria-label=\"跳转到标题：智能指针进阶\">\u003Cspan class=\"octicon octicon-link\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>智能指针进阶\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>\u003Ccode>std::shared_ptr\u003C\u002Fcode>\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>自动管理内存，通过引用计数避免内存泄漏。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>适用于多个对象共享同一资源的情况。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>\n\u003Ch3 id=\"总结与展望\">\u003Ca class=\"anchor\" href=\"#总结与展望\" aria-label=\"跳转到标题：总结与展望\">\u003Cspan class=\"octicon octicon-link\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>总结与展望\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>本节课通过实践深入讲解了C++的内存管理、资源所有权和多态设计。同时介绍了STL容器、智能指针等现代C++特性的实际应用。后续将带来更多其他课程！\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Foss.infinitensor.com\u002Fprod\u002Fimages\u002FKnowledge_Base\u002FKB_01_zw6.jpg?Expires=1792752838&OSSAccessKeyId=LTAI5t9R6uzvTa69CT92cFvV&Signature=ZwRth4vKI1lmA8Y4THFk9als6XI%3D\" alt=\"\">\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch3 id=\"训练营报名持续进行中\">\u003Ca class=\"anchor\" href=\"#训练营报名持续进行中\" aria-label=\"跳转到标题：📚 训练营报名持续进行中\">\u003Cspan class=\"octicon octicon-link\">\u003C\u002Fspan>\u003C\u002Fa>📚 训练营报名持续进行中\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>扫码报名与加入群聊，或点击 \u003Cstrong>「阅读原文」\u003C\u002Fstrong> 直达官网报名\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Foss.infinitensor.com\u002Fprod\u002Fimages\u002FKnowledge_Base\u002FKB_01_zw7.jpg?Expires=1792752838&OSSAccessKeyId=LTAI5t9R6uzvTa69CT92cFvV&Signature=uxAgm6FPaH%2Bpzv9S8ucllx2qHnM%3D\" alt=\"\">\u003C\u002Fp>\n",[128,130,132,134,137,139,141,143],{"id":129,"text":129,"level":9},"动态内存管理进阶",{"id":131,"text":131,"level":9},"拷贝构造与赋值操作",{"id":133,"text":133,"level":9},"移动语义",{"id":135,"text":136,"level":9},"stl容器","STL容器",{"id":138,"text":138,"level":9},"继承与多态",{"id":140,"text":140,"level":9},"智能指针进阶",{"id":142,"text":142,"level":9},"总结与展望",{"id":144,"text":145,"level":9},"训练营报名持续进行中","📚 训练营报名持续进行中"]